English Translation

22 Yearbook of the Imperial Protector -4- finally 16i8 Get and plunder the castle and small side, while the struggle for the old town is ended by the peace. - In the middle of the war (1637) Ferdinand IL. dies; his son Ferdinand III follows him. - The Thirty Years' War proves once again from another side strongly the belonging of Bohemia-Mären to the German habitat. The war, whose first cause lies in the Reformation (i.e. an exclusively German affair), ignites itself in Prague with the fall of the window, in order to end three decades later again in the same Prague. The stands, which contrast the Habsburg Ferdinand II with a Trutzkönig, do not choose a powerful of the country, but Friedrich von der Pfalz, a German imperial prince. And from the Bohemian Waldstein Moravian space one of the most powerful personalities of this epoch arises! Albrecht von Waldstein, called Wallenstein. Especially in the present, history tends more than ever to see Wallenstein than a brilliant feudal lord, who eventually becomes a rebel. Wallenstein probably stood against the emperor, but not against the empire. Rather, he affirms the idea of the empire, plans the creation of a strong empire — if necessary also against the will of the emperor. - Finally, the shock that France is taking last through the Westphalian peace against the empire is striking also Bohemia. The consequences of the war are devastating: the population of the country has fallen from 2.5 to 3 million to 700,000, many cities and villages are destitute, farmers and citizens are impoverished, the customs are threatened, there is uncertainty everywhere. Just like the Empire, Bohemia has been thrown far back in its culture. With the Dahinsich of the Empire the idea of the Reich was naturally also condemned to die in the Bohemian-Mauritian region. 1689 Leopold 1 ruled since 1657. His government is filled with the wars of the Turks and with the war of the robbery of Louis XIV. In order to destroy the Turkic wars of the population, the French king sends hired arsonists to the hinterland of the empire, as well as to Bohemia. In Prague alone, 900 houses and other buildings fall victim to a huge fire fire (June 1689). — The reign of the next two emperors, 1740 Joseph L. (1705-1711) and Charles VI. (1711-1740), for Bohemian Habsburgs and Moravian without hostile ideas. With Charles VI the Habs die. The Pragmatic sanction secures the succession of the daughter Maria Theresia. A century (exactly from 1618 to 1741) the Bohemian-Moravian space was spared from war confusion. Art history is this section 17. - 18th year- the age of the Baroque. Initiated by Italian artists, it develops in the country through the creation of German masters to the Baroque special "Bohemian Baroque". The builders Christoph (the father) and Kilian Ignaz Dienzenhofer (his bigger son). The sculptors Matthias Braun as well as Josef and Ferdinand Maximilian Brokoff (again the son surpasses the father), the painters Peter Brandl and Wenzel Lorenz Reiner are among the numerous German artists the leading names. Again the Bohemian-Moravian space proves to be a part of the sphere of German spirit, which not only receives, but also knows how to give. — In addition to the most magnificent work on all the offerings of art, this century has a great deal of social suffering. If the peasant sighs under the burden of service — peasant uprisings are a sign of prevailing bitterness — the situation of the bourgeoisie is by no means satisfactory. The French and Turkish wars also impose heavy burdens on the Bohemian countries. In addition to the power of the Habsburgs, which emerged enormously strengthened in the country from the Thirty Years' War, only two states can fully develop: the nobility and the church. Despite all this, the economic development is making remarkable progress. The 1741-1763 following war events now take place in four sections: First Habsburg against Silesian War (1741-42), Second Silesian war (1744-45), with Hohenzollern these wars parallel runs the Austrian Erbs Folgckrieg (174118), the conclusion is the Third Silesian or Seven Years' War (1756-63). As far as the Bohemian-Moravian region is concerned, the following important war events take place here: 1741 — Fran- zosen, Bavaria and Saxony occupy Prague (Karl Albert of Bavaria can be proclaimed King of Bohemia); 1742 — fights between Prussia and Austrians in Bohemia and Moravia, victory of Frederick I1. 1744 — Frederick occupied Prague: 1745 — Frederick triumphed at Soor; 1756 — Frederick won at Lobositz; 1757 — Frederick's victory at Sterbohol, siege of Prague by the Prussians, victory of Daun near Kolin; 1758 — Prussian-Austrian struggles in Moravia; siege of Olomouc by the Prussias. In the background, France and England played their game to weaken even more the old empire. In the end, however, it is about a tragic duel between Habsburg and Hohenzollern about the leadership in the Reich, which is repeatedly being fought out on Höhmisch-Märischem ground. On the one hand stands Maria Theresia, on the other Friedrich the Great, two German people, who forces a tragic 1745 fate to a life-span opposition. Attempt Maria Theresia identifies all Jews from Bohemia. This step, which the Empress must undo in order to resolve the impediments of England and Holland, meant the first truly sweeping attempt to resolve a Jewish question on this ground. — The Bavarian War of Succession (1779) takes place without major acts of war at the 1780 borders of Bohemia. The Empress follows her son Joseph II (d. 1790) in the government, the Joseph II, which was founded by Joseph II of Bohemia in 1780. In false humanity, he opens the door to Judaism to the flooding of intellectual and economic life. His brother and successor Leopold IL. († 1792) is forced to withdraw various reforms. His son Franz II. In 1804 he declared himself the Emperor of Austria and in 1806 renounced the dignity of the German emperor, — in art — the Baroque has now become a rococo — the end of the 18th century was particularly distinguished by Mozart's work in Prague. 1813 During the wars against France (1792-1815) the Bohemian wars of freedom indirectly have a hard time suffering Moravian territory. Immediately, more extensive acts of war take place here only in 1805 (Dreikaiserschlacht bei Austerlitz) and in 1813 (Kämpfe bei Kulm and Nollendorff). — In 1813 Prague became the centre of the German freedom movement. Heinrich von Kleist, Freiherr vom Stein, Arndt, Scharohorst, Eichendorff, among others, flee from Napoleon's henchmen in Bohemia's capital or come willingly hicher. From here the German struggle for freedom against Napoleon receives immensely strong impetus. The kingdom is probably dead, but the German people are looking for a new unity.