English Translation

91 Jews At the last pre-war census in 1930, the Jewish religion was registered in Bohemia 76 301, Moravia and Silesia by 41 250 people. Of these 117 551 people, nearly 43,000 people claimed the nationality of Czech, 37,000 Jews, 35,000 Germans, the others claimed the nationality of different nationalities. These figures do not include persons who were not Jewish religion, but according to the Nazi Nuremberg Laws they were later described as Jews. (235) At the beginning of the occupation, statistics refer to 118 310 persons of Jewish origin. (236) While in Czech ethnicity in the Protectorate, misguided racist theories were only reflected in pseudo-anthropological surveys, possibly rather marginally, in the legislation of mixed marriages with German nationals, Jews and Roma were in immediate danger of their lives. Although the protectorate authorities soon after the occupation eliminated some initial attempts of Czech fascists to open anti-Jewish violence (burning or damaging the synagogues in Jihlava and Dobříš, rioting in Příbram and Brno), the overall conditions of life of the Jewish community in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia could be characterized as life in a ghetto without walls. (237) The status of Jewish population was regulated by a monstrous package of regulations that intervened in all areas of life. Hundreds of different laws, decrees, regulations, returns, circulars, orders, announcements, etc. should first rid the Jews of property, human dignity and eventually life. (238) Almost every week, new anti-Jewish measures were still taking place, limiting or directly excluding Jews from other areas of public life, confiscating them from the last remnants of their property, restricting movement, humiliating their dignity. Moreover, orientation in a large number of bans and restrictions were aggravated by the fact that some of them were still being changed and supplemented. For example, bans on entry into certain public areas or certain undertakings have been gradually extended and have not always taken the form of regulations or decrees, but have been communicated, for example, only through the notification of Jewish religious communities.