English Translation

111 Under international law, it is necessary to regard the social work that man does not by his voluntary decision, but by outside economic pressure, which may be of a different nature. According to the degree of non-economic coercion, it is possible to distinguish (and international law does so) two basic types of forced labour - slave labor, where non-economy coercion is based on ownership of labour (slave) and there is no need for further legal regulation and non-slave labour, where extra-economic compulsion is not so versatile and it needs to be further regulated under the threat of coercion. The forced labor system of the established Nazis included both types of forced labor. It was both slave labor, which, for example, represented the working use of prisoners in concentration camps and prisoners of war, and forced labor (so-called labor deployment), which under the threat of strict sanctions regulated the occupation law often in all detail. (297) If we are to analyse the evolution of the system of forced labour and its observations in the Occupant Law, we need to prejudice certain periodicisation changes that divide the entire development in the Protectorate. The main criteria for this periodisation are the rate of escalating repression and mass movements of workers from home to other occupied places, mostly directly to Germany. Jaroslav Houser, in his legal study "Teached Work and Occupant Law," divides the history of working in the Protectorate into three subperiods, with the so-called second Republic looking to some extent as their "preparation period": the 1st period of 1939-1940, when the forced labour mechanism is being built, voluntary recruitment prevails, and in some sectors forced recruitment is already taking place. The 2nd period of 1941-1942, when Germany's war tensions accompanied by the first defeats in the east require intensified and widespread forced labour and when recruitment by voluntary recruitment is replaced by forced recruitment. The 3rd period of 1943-1945, when Hitler's Germany for the conduct of total war and averting defeat calls under threat the repression of the entire year of young people from the Protectorate and other occupied territories to work into the empire. (298) The periodization does not have sharp boundaries and its individual stages are to a large extent intersecting.