English Translation

33a 6 the popular idea, as if a radical political oppression of the Czech people had been used with the Habsburg takeover, of which things were completely over. There was neither at that time a national feeling comparable to today's (and indeed not on the teiden sides) nor was it at all the national area of questions, in which the opposites ignite. On the Bohemian side, it was concern for the preservation of the rights and privileges of the estates, moreover, and the intention of their expansion mixed with confessional anti-pathies; on the Viennese side it was the urge to secure and expand the rights of the sovereign and to spread the Catholic religion. The fact that the real fronts were running at the bourgeois-confessional problems shows nothing more striking than the counter-candidacy of the national-Bohemian Skänd towards the Habßburger: when l6l9 the Bohemian states set off Fedinand II - whom did they refer to the throne? a German prince, Friedrich von der Pfalz, in particular with regard to his capacity as head of the protestant union and the German Calvinists. This attempt of indignation ended in the Battle of the White Mountains with complete collapse. He had a profound and decisive change in the composition of the leading layer of land, of the nobility. In turn, it should be pointed out against the land-like opinion of the consciously Germanizing character of the re-establishment of aristocracy and renunciation, which is asserted with the inexhaustible power of historical legends, that the policy of absolutist victory is based on the national neutrality. In his paper on land reform, where he speaks of its historical preconditions, Pekař cites the former Czech minister Krofta, who himself explains to his historian that the decline of the Czech nobility in Bohemia associated with the imperial criminal court was almost offset by the expulsion, departure or escape of the German nobleman, who had bought off before the damage on the White Mountain in the country. The beginning of the new order is determined by the victor's needs and his contemporary ideas of the state. An anachronism here is to want to subdue motives of the time of mature nationalism. 69142 *