English Translation

-2 an expedition led by Sir Hugh Willovghby, the two other ships with their frozen crew are found in winter l555/56 by Karelen on the coast. Ivan IV lets the English move to Moscow and welcomes them kindly. He hopes to obtain through them the war material that his hostile neighbours, the Poles and Sweden, will not leave on their way to Russia. The English should also give him craftsmen and all kinds of experts. and builders for his "Muscovy Company", which was founded in London in 1555 on Chancellor's report and which is based on the royal monopoly for the trade in Russia, which is reflected in its construction of the later East-Indian company, receives from this calculation the right to 'free trade throughout Russia, free entry and exit, the right of establishment in various' Russian cities, even the right at last to mint English coins on Russian mints. It alone is entitled to travel to Russia by the northern route, it is also involved in the trade via Narva and Dorpat, but the most important thing to the English is the right to travel freely through Russia to trade with Persia in this early period of the trade in Russia. 3) It is hoped to have found the way to India and China, Already 1558/l560 Anthony Jenkinson over Volga and Caspian Sea to Bucha- 4) ra. Six more expeditions come in the time until l58l to Persia.5) They are extremely advantageous for the English; the last trip 1578/l58i. Brings the involved merchants a 1) Ljubimenko, Istorija torgovych snošenij Rossii s Angliej,l, Jur'ev l9l2, p.39 ?) Putešestvenniki p.19; Kuliser, Očerk istorii russkoj torgovli, Peteusburg l923, p.ll7; Polstoj, Pervyja sarok let snošenij meždu Rossieju i Angliey, 1553-1593, S.Peterburg 1875, p.6-8; Kašin, Torgovlja i torgonovyj kapital v Moskovskom gosudarstve, Leningrad 1926, pp.83-95. 3) Ljubimenko p.44. 4) Steel, History of Russia,1, Burlin 1923, p.279, 5) Putešestvenniki p.19. 6) Ljubimenkc S.l2s; vgi. also on the advantages of Porsienhan-dele Kašin, pp.92-83.